Book
Novel carbon allotropes, such as spherical fullerenes and nanotubes, have been added, in the last three decades, to the traditionally recognized diamond and graphite. Although fullerene C60 has been speculated about for a long time. A fullerene is, according to a classical definition, an all-carbon molecule consisting entirely of pentagons (exactly 12) and hexagons (n/2-10). Non-classical fullerene extensions to include rings of other sizes have been considered. Fullerenes are commonly synthesized by arc-discharge or laser ablation methods. Spherical fullerenes became nowadays parts of real chemistry: they can be functionalized or inserted in supramolecular assemblies.
Chapter
Covering operations in nanostructure modeling are presented as algorithms implemented in the original software program CageVersatile 1.1. The basic operations described are: Dual, Medial, Stellation, Truncation, Leapfrog, Quadruple and Capra. Output file objects are illustrated.